Innovation

Innovation

Innovation

NATO and Intermediate Force Capabilities: Why Human Effects Matter

Foley, Shannon, Caitlin Jackson, Susan Aros, and Anne Marie Baylouny. "NATO and Intermediate Force Capabilities: Why Human Effects Matter." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 123-134.

Introduction

On February 24, 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, the international order was impacted sharply and abruptly. Russia’s invasion put the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) on center stage. As a contribution to international security, NATO’s deterrence capabilities take many forms. From nuclear weapons to cyberattacks, to be effective, deterrence must be scalable across a conflict spectrum that includes non-kinetic actions.

21.2.09_ifc_human_f.pdf — Downloaded 1284 times

Gaming Intermediate Force Capabilities: Strategic Implications of Tactical Decisions

Dobias, Peter, Kyle Christensen, and William Freid. "Gaming Intermediate Force Capabilities: Strategic Implications of Tactical Decisions." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 97-109.

Introduction

Hybrid Threats

In recent years, analysis of the international security environment has increasingly focused on hybrid threat tactics in the grey zone.

21.2.07_gaming.pdf — Downloaded 1127 times

How to Assess the Impact of Non-Lethal Weapons

Grocholski, Krista Romita, and Scott Savitz. "How to Assess the Impact of Non-Lethal Weapons." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 85-95.

Introduction

Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) represent a diverse set of systems whose common feature is that they are intended to incapacitate rather than kill or destroy. For example, they include laser dazzlers that cause targets to experience intense glare, the Active Denial System (ADS) that emits millimeter-wave energy to cause a temporary heating sensation, pepper balls that irritate eyes and airways, blunt-impact munitions such as rubber bullets and bean bags, and vessel-stopping technologies that entangle propellers.

21.2.06_nlws.pdf — Downloaded 1450 times

Developing a NATO Intermediate Force Capabilities Concept

Nelson, John. "Developing a NATO Intermediate Force Capabilities Concept." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 67-84.

Introduction

What Motivates the Need for an IFC Concept?

Adversaries know NATO’s lethal capabilities and the thresholds for their use. And they exploit this. They avoid direct symmetrical engagements, instead maneuvering below lethal thresholds, pursuing their aims observed but undeterred. Or, they act indirectly through proxies or intermediaries, blending in and engaging only at times and places of their choosing.

21.2.05_nelson.pdf — Downloaded 1176 times

Nonlethal Weapons and Intermediate Force: A Necessary Complement to Lethality

LeVine, Susan. "Nonlethal Weapons and Intermediate Force: A Necessary Complement to Lethality." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 55-66.

Introduction

The phrase nonlethal weapons often brings to mind capabilities such as bean bags, rubber bullets, pepper spray, and electric stun guns. These capabilities are used domestically by law enforcement and by the military, primarily for protection and security missions. Nonlethal weapons (NLW) technology, however, has advanced significantly over the past 20 years.

21.2.04_intermediate_capabilities.pdf — Downloaded 1625 times

The 'Grey Zone' and Hybrid Activities

Dobias, Peter, and Kyle Christensen. "The 'Grey Zone' and Hybrid Activities." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 41-54.

Introduction

The Current Security Environment: Hybrid Threats and the Grey Zone

In recent years, studies of the international security environment have increasingly drawn attention to what is becoming understood as hybrid threats and the grey zone.[1] A recent RAND study defined the grey zone as “an operational space between peace and war, involving coercive actions to change the status quo below a threshold that, in most cases, would prompt a conventional

21.2.03_greyzone.pdf — Downloaded 2523 times

Twenty-first Century Threats Require Twenty-first Century Deterrence

Derleth, Jim, and Jeff Pickler. "Twenty-first Century Threats Require Twenty-first Century Deterrence." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 11-23.

Introduction

Soon after the defeat of Germany in World War II, the USA and the USSR found themselves in a global struggle for power and influence. In contrast to previous great power competitions, which often led to armed conflict, nuclear weapons changed the risk calculus for both sides. This had four key consequences.

21.2.01_deterrence.pdf — Downloaded 988 times

Hybrid Warfare and the Need for Intermediate Force Capabilities

Dobias, Peter. "Hybrid Warfare and the Need for Intermediate Force Capabilities." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 5-9.

Analyses of the international security environment have increasingly drawn attention to what is often referred to as the gray zone.[1] A RAND study exploring hybrid warfare/gray zone challenges defined this part of the competition continuum as “an operational space between peace and war, involving coercive actions to change the status quo below a threshold that, in most cases, would prompt a conventional military response, often by blurring the line between military and non-military actions and the attrib

21.2.00_hybrid_editorial.pdf — Downloaded 1084 times

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