Index

Abu Sayyaf Group, 75

Afghanistan, 26, 39, 74, 80, 90, 116, 117, 131, 132, 140, 164, 188, 212, 221

al-Muhajiroun, 27

al-Qaeda, 34, 50, 74, 85, 131, 136, 164, 193, 202, 242

al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), 56, 62, 184, 217, 221

al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), 26, 34, 92, 117

al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), 73, 117

al-Shabaab, 36, 86, 92, 93, 96, 117, 133, 219

Jabhat al-Nusra (JN), 115, 193

alternative remittance system, 221, 225, 227

al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 37, 56, 193

anarchists, 6, 36, 56, 89

anthrax, 102, 103

AQ Khan, 108, 109

armed forces, 1, 10, 28, 37, 39, 131, 132, 133, 136, 140, 149, 160, 164, 166, 168, 236, 237, 240, 258, 259

Armed Islamic Group (GIA), 54, 55

Aum Shinrikyo, 45, 50, 52, 54, 59, 90, 101, 102

B

Barot, Dhiren, 153, 157

Basayev, Shamil, 105

Battle of Algiers, 132

Bin Laden, Osama, 25, 85, 91, 116, 117, 118, 135, 143, 161, 186, 193, 220

biological weapons

anthrax, 102, 103

bacteria, 102

Q fever, 102

ricin, 102, 151, 153

rickettsiae, 102

smallpox, 102

toxins, 102

Black September, 90, 137

Boko Haram, 36, 46, 133, 253

Bourgass, Kamel, 151

Breivik, Anders, 236, 237

Broken Arrows, 108

C

Camorra, 72, 78

Carabinieri, 136

CBRN. See Weapons of Mass Destruction; chemical weapons; biological weapons; radiological weapons

chemical weapons

chlorine, 62, 99

mustard agents, 100

nerve agents, 100

phosgene, 99

sarin, 100, 101

VX, 100

collaboration, 141, 254, 264, 265

interagency, 144, 248, 264, 265

international, 80, 141, 142, 213, 242, 265

Colombia, 34, 75, 76, 77, 132, 133, 152, 165, 181, 184, 187, 188, 189, 200, 212, 219, 223, 230

cooperation

interagency, ix, 79, 131, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 249, 264

international, 79, 126, 142, 158, 163, 172, 173, 174, 223, 229, 240, 242, 258

coordination

interagency, 131, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 248, 249, 254, 263

international, 81, 97, 100, 157, 242

Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), 127, 199, 201, 202, 203, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213

counter-radicalization programs, 203

de-radicalization, 200, 211, 254

de-radicalization programs, 203, 207

disengagement, 200, 201, 203, 207, 209

rehabilitation, 127, 205

violent extremism, 200

counterinsurgency, 132, 221, 253

Counternarcotics Police Afghanistan, 80

counter-terrorist operations, 21, 131, 142

Operation Alberich (Germany), 137, 142

Operation Crevice (UK), 138, 157

Operation Lightning (UK), 156

Operation Overt (UK), 158, 159

Operation Phoenix (Colombia), 165

Operation Rhyme (UK), 153, 157

Operation Serval (Mali), 132

Operation Springbourne (UK), 150, 151, 153

crime-terror nexus, 67, 72, 74, 81

D

Daesh. See Islamic State

D-Company, 75, 76

definition

terrorism, 19

Department of Homeland Security, 39, 80, 141, 244

dirty bombs. See radiological weapons

drone. See Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Drug Enforcement Administration, 72, 79, 80

drug-trafficking, 68, 71

E

Egmont Group, 230

Ejército de Liberación Nacional, 200

Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA), 34, 55, 137, 182, 185, 188

extradition, 169, 170, 173, 174, 259

extremism. See Countering Violent Extremism

F

Federal Bureau of Investigation, 80, 103, 133, 136, 139, 141, 144, 242, 243, 244, 246

Fenians. See Provisional Irish Republican Army

Financial Action Task Force, 80, 226, 230

foreign fighters, 23, 73, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 126, 127, 144, 193, 205, 221

Foreign-deployed Advisory and Support Teams, 80

Free Aceh Movement, 191

freelance terrorism, 62, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127

Front de Libération Nationale, 20, 132

Fusion Center. See intelligence

G

Gjorv Report, 237

groupthink, 25, 59

Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación, 137

Guantanamo, 39, 143, 167, 169, 205

Guardia Civil, 136

H

Hamas, 39, 45, 183, 186, 191, 193

Hezbollah, 186, 187, 193, 220, 223

Hizb-ut-Tahrir, 27

hostage-taking, 6, 13, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 90, 119, 136, 137, 171, 182

human rights. See law

I

intelligence

cycle, 141, 151

financial, 79, 218, 219, 224, 226, 229, 230, 236, 240, 244, 259

fusion center, 79, 141, 142, 236, 239, 247, 265

human (HUMINT), 135

imagery (IMINT), 135

open-source (OSINT), 141

sharing, 81, 126, 141, 142, 157, 164, 229, 230, 235, 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 247, 249, 264

signal (SIGINT), 135, 140, 142

intelligence organizations

Bundesamt für Verfassungsshutz (BfV), 142

Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), 187

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 100, 169

Force Research Unit (FRU), 137

Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), 140

Interservices Intelligence Agency (ISI), 143

National Security Agency (NSA), 80, 140

Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), 143

Security Service (MI5), 137, 138, 141, 154, 155, 157, 193, 242

Servizio per la Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare (SISMI), 169

intelligence-led policing, 79, 138, 153, 159

Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 80

International Criminal Court (ICC), 192

interrogation, 35, 135, 139, 168, 169, 218

Irish Republican Army. See Provisional Irish Republican Army(PIRA)

Islamic State, 18, 28, 34, 38, 41, 44, 49, 52, 62, 69, 73, 75, 76, 86, 94, 100, 109, 115, 118, 119, 123, 132, 133, 141, 192, 193, 202, 221, 225, 228, 253

J

Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF), 236, 239, 243, 244, 246, 248

K

Kurdistan Workers’ Party(PKK), 25

L

Lashkar-e-Taiba(LeT), 42, 132

law

Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism, 173

Convention on Torture, 170

Counter Terrorism and Security Bill, 44

human rights, 9, 39, 132, 143, 144, 168, 170, 175, 218, 230, 267

international humanitarian law, 167, 168

law of armed conflict, 167

Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, 174, 229

Patriot Act, 39, 140, 164

rendition, 140, 168, 169

targeted killing, 135, 168, 171

torture, 13, 132, 133, 143, 170, 175, 267

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). See Tamil Tigers

Liquid Bomb Plot. See terrorist plots and attacks

lone actor, 18, 115, 116, 117, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 193

lone wolf. See lone actor

Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), 55, 70, 192

M

McVeigh, Timothy, 37, 56

money laundering, 68, 74, 81, 217, 218, 223, 224, 228, 229, 230, 240

Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), 186, 192, 261

motivation for violent extremism and terrorism

deprivation, 22

environmental factors, 17, 22, 26, 29

family, 24, 27, 36

identity, 21, 22, 24, 26, 52, 72, 90, 218

ideology, 21, 23, 24, 28, 52, 57, 60, 62, 94, 111, 121, 128, 158, 200, 202, 207

individual factors, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 57, 76

injustice, 9, 20, 21, 23, 39

leadership, 18, 25

prison, 26, 28, 29, 70, 119, 127, 205

victimization, 13, 21, 24

mutually hurting stalemate, 189, 190

N

Narodnaya Volya. See People’s Will

National Interdiction Unit (NIU, Afghanistan), 80

National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), 220

NATO Intelligence Fusion Center, 142

negotiations, 152, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193, 259

nerve gas. See chemical weapons

networks

organization, 73, 152, 193, 238, 249

social, 121

transnational, 14, 144

Nigeria, 88, 133

Norway, 236, 237

November 17th, 50, 59

O

organized crime, 1, 14, 67, 69, 71, 74, 77, 223

P

Pakistan, 42, 43, 56, 107, 108, 116, 134, 135, 142, 143, 159, 171, 186, 188, 204, 211

Palestine Liberation Organization, 37, 43, 90

Paraguayan People’s Army (EPP), 73

People’s Will, 5, 56

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC), 50, 54, 59

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 20

Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 25, 39, 43, 54, 55, 70, 73, 74, 78, 137, 152, 154, 190, 192, 201

R

radicalization, 17, 21, 24, 26, 28, 60, 70, 76, 94, 120, 121, 207, 241, 262, 266

radiological dispersal device. See radiological weapons

radiological weapons

cesium 137, 105, 106

dirty bomb, 103, 104, 105

highly enriched uranium, 104, 105, 106, 108, 111

plutonium, 105, 106, 111

radiological isotopes, 105, 106

Red Army Faction (RAF), 54, 55, 59

Red Brigades, 37, 72, 185

rendition. See law

resilience, 202, 212, 256, 257

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 54, 70, 73, 75, 76, 165, 184, 185, 187, 189, 219, 221

ricin. See biological weapons

Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), 137, 141

S

salmonella. See biological weapons

sarin gas. See chemical weapons

Sendero Luminoso, 34, 54, 220

Sensitive Investigative Unit (SIU), 80

Sharia4, 27

Shining. See Sendero Luminoso

Sicarii, 43, 253

special operations

Special Air Service (SAS), 136

Special Operations Command (SOCOM), 135

Special Operations Forces (SOF), 133, 135, 137, 139

special police units

Grenzshutzgruppe 9 (GSG-9), 137, 142

Groupe d’Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN), 136

Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT), 136, 139

Yamam (Israel), 136

state terrorism, 12, 13, 14, 58, 68, 77, 107, 187, 219, 259

strategy, 14, 33

CT strategy, 131, 155, 161, 182, 195, 199, 203, 205, 207, 213, 237, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 261, 263, 266, 268

terrorist strategy, 19, 21, 33, 36, 46, 51, 64, 86, 93, 132, 153

T

Taliban, 36, 45, 75, 142, 164, 173, 186, 187, 188, 221, 223

Tamil Tigers, 34, 54, 70, 184, 185, 220

Tehreek-e-Taliban, Pakistan, 36, 212

terrorism

definition, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 69, 75, 86, 173, 200, 218

financing, 58, 68, 76, 140, 151, 173, 176, 217, 218, 220, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 230, 240, 264

international, 6, 7, 94, 131, 166, 171, 173, 225, 245

legislation, 4, 39, 68, 69, 81, 164, 172, 175, 226, 229, 238

tactics, 9, 21, 33, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 54, 56, 62, 72, 74, 118, 258

terrorist media

al Hayat, 94

al-Kataib News Channel, 93

as-Sahab (“The Cloud”), 91

Azzam Publications, 173

Dabiq, 34, 94

Inspire, 34, 92, 94, 118

Mujatweets, 94

Sawt al-Jihad (Voice of the Jihad), 91

terrorist plots and attacks

Beslan school siege (2004), 36, 44, 136

Charlie Hebdo attack (2015), 39, 41, 88, 119, 136

Liquid Bomb Plot (2006), 117, 159, 176

Mumbai (2008), 41, 42, 46, 50, 76, 132, 136

Munich Olympics (1972), 37, 90, 137

Norway (2011), 40

Oklahoma City bombing (1995), 37, 56

Omagh (1998), 153

Paris (2015), 38, 39, 42, 62, 115

Sofia (1925), 6

Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), 44

U

ummah, 20, 24, 94

United Kingdom (UK), 2, 109, 117, 141, 149, 256

United Nations (UN), 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 80, 170, 173, 258

United States (US), 7, 11, 34, 94, 103, 108, 159

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), 21, 26, 134, 135, 140, 171, 178

V

vigilantism, 12, 69

violent extremism. See Countering Violent Extremism (CVE)

W

Weather Underground, 23

Whole of Government (approach to CT), 131